Identifying Wasp Species in Switzerland
By Wespenprofis.ch · Reviewed by:Fachbewilligung Schädlingsbekämpfung VFB-S · Updated: 3 July 2026
At a glance
In Switzerland you will mainly encounter the common wasp and the German wasp — both count as "nuisance" species, as they are drawn to sweet food and meat and defend their nest aggressively. Paper wasps and hornets, by contrast, are peaceable and worth protecting. For reliable identification, see the individual species profiles under /arten.
Not every sighting of a black-and-yellow insect is cause for concern. Several wasp species live in Switzerland, and they differ considerably in behaviour and in how dangerous they are. Reliable identification helps you avoid needlessly destroying beneficial species — and to respond correctly to the genuinely troublesome ones. All individual species profiles, with photos and identifying features, can be found under /arten.
The “nuisance” species: common wasp and German wasp
The common wasp (Vespula vulgaris) and the German wasp (Vespula germanica) are responsible for most conflicts at the table and on the terrace. Both grow to 11–14 mm, look almost identical and differ mainly in the markings on the clypeus (face shield). In late summer they are strongly attracted to sweet food and meat and defend their nest aggressively when disturbed. Legally, neither species is protected (they are not listed in Annex 3 of the NHV, the Swiss nature conservation ordinance), so control is permitted where there is a risk to health.
The peaceable species: paper wasp and hornet
The European paper wasp never goes for food on your plate and will sting practically only if you reach straight into the nest. Despite its size, the European hornet is far shyer than the common wasp and avoids conflict wherever possible. It is also considered ecologically beneficial. For both species we recommend leaving the nest in place where possible, or having it professionally relocated, rather than destroying it.
Common cases of mistaken identity
Alongside the native species, the invasive Asian hornet (Vespa velutina) is spreading steadily in Switzerland. It is often mistaken for the European hornet, but it is almost entirely black and sightings must be reported by law. The honey bee is also frequently mistaken for a wasp, even though it has a furry coat and, as a farmed animal, may not be controlled at all.
How to proceed
- Identify the species using the profiles under /arten.
- Common or German wasp close to the house: call in a professional.
- Hornet or paper wasp: leave it alone if possible, or have it relocated.
- Suspected Asian hornet: report it via www.asiatischehornisse.ch.
For more on telling the species apart, see our in-depth guides “Hornisse oder Wespe?” and “Wespe oder Biene?”.
Frequently asked questions
Which wasp species is the most common in Switzerland?
The common wasp (Vespula vulgaris) and the German wasp (Vespula germanica) are the species you are most likely to meet at the table or on the terrace. The two look almost identical and are considered "nuisance" wasps.
Are all wasps in Switzerland dangerous?
No. Only the common wasp and the German wasp defend their nest aggressively and go for food. Paper wasps and European hornets are shy and will sting only if their nest is directly threatened.
How can I identify a wasp species reliably?
Look at size, colouring and the markings on the clypeus (face shield). Our species profiles under /arten show the key features of each species in detail — if you are unsure, we are happy to advise you.